The Many Advantages of adding Hyaluronic Acid: A Comprehensive Discussion of Cardiac and Gastrointestinal Benefits, chronic disease treatment and prevention.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissues, particularly in the skin, joints, and eyes. It plays a critical role in maintaining hydration, lubrication, and structural integrity in these tissues. Supplementing with HA has gained significant popularity due to its numerous health benefits, particularly in dermatology, rheumatology, and ophthalmology. This discussion explores the advantages of HA supplementation and provides visual representations of its impact on the human body.

The chemical structure of High Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid

1. Enhanced Skin Hydration and Anti-Aging Effects

One of the most well-known benefits of HA supplementation is its ability to improve skin hydration. HA molecules can hold up to 1,000 times their weight in water, helping to retain moisture in the skin. Clinical studies have shown that oral HA supplementation improves skin hydration and elasticity, reducing the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. By reinforcing the skin barrier, HA also protects against environmental stressors such as pollution and UV radiation.

2. Reduction of Wrinkles and Increased Skin Elasticity

As we age, HA levels in the skin diminish, leading to dryness and loss of elasticity. Supplementing with HA has been found to stimulate collagen production, which helps maintain skin firmness and elasticity. A 12-week clinical trial demonstrated that individuals who took HA supplements experienced significant reductions in wrinkle depth and overall skin smoothness compared to those who did not.

Lubrisyn is a liquid product that contains high molecular weight, long chain hyaluronic acid. Best taken 1 tablespoon every morning, it can also be used by adding a few drops to your favorite moisturizing lotion, and apply before bed. The liquid concentrate provides the best long-chain HA. The capsular form has value but it is not nearly as effective as is the liquid form, above.

3. Joint Lubrication and Arthritis Relief

HA is a crucial component of synovial fluid, which lubricates and cushions joints. In individuals with osteoarthritis, HA levels decline, leading to joint pain and stiffness. Clinical trials have shown that HA supplementation can alleviate symptoms of osteoarthritis by improving joint lubrication and reducing inflammation. Many patients report reduced pain and increased mobility after consistent HA intake.

4. Acceleration of Wound Healing

HA plays a vital role in tissue repair and wound healing. It promotes cell migration and proliferation, which are necessary for wound closure. Additionally, HA has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, helping to prevent infections and accelerate the healing of cuts, burns, and ulcers. Studies have confirmed that HA-based treatments speed up the healing process in diabetic foot ulcers and postoperative wounds.

5. Improved Eye Health and Dry Eye Syndrome Treatment

HA is abundant in the vitreous humor of the eye, where it helps maintain eye hydration and structure. Patients with dry eye syndrome benefit from HA supplementation, as it enhances tear film stability and reduces eye irritation. HA-based eye drops are widely used to alleviate symptoms of dry eye disease, but oral HA supplements also contribute to ocular hydration.

6. Gut Health and Digestive Support

Emerging research suggests that HA benefits the digestive system by supporting gut lining integrity. It plays a role in reducing inflammation in conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and leaky gut syndrome. HA supplementation may enhance intestinal barrier function, preventing the translocation of harmful bacteria and reducing overall gut permeability.

Hyaluronic acid supports gastrointestinal health by improving the Glycocalyx protection that covers the entirety of the GI tract.

7. Immune System Modulation

HA interacts with immune cells, modulating inflammation and immune responses. It can help reduce chronic low-grade inflammation, which is associated with aging and various diseases. HA's ability to regulate inflammatory pathways may have implications for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and autoimmune disorders.

8. Supports Hair Growth and Scalp Health

HA supplementation has been found to improve hair hydration and follicular function. By increasing scalp moisture and reducing inflammation, HA helps create a healthier environment for hair growth. Some studies suggest that HA combined with other nutrients can enhance hair thickness and reduce shedding.

9. Cardiovascular Benefits

HA is present in blood vessels and contributes to vascular elasticity and function. Research indicates that HA supplementation may support endothelial cell health, reducing arterial stiffness and improving circulation. Some studies suggest that HA may play a role in lowering blood pressure and enhancing overall cardiovascular health.

Again, hyaluronic acid is beneficial to the peripheral vascular system and heart by enhancing the innermost lining of the entire cardiovascular system. It supports, stimulates repair and maintenance fo the glycocalyx layer, which lines the entire cardiovascular system, the gut and other important systems.

10. Safety and Dosage Considerations for Long chain hyaluronic acid for cardiac and gastrointestinal complaints.

HA supplementation is generally well-tolerated with minimal side effects. It is available in various forms, including capsules, powders, and liquid formulations. The typical recommended daily dosage ranges from 120 mg to 240 mg. Clinical trials have demonstrated its safety for long-term use, making it a viable option for those seeking to improve skin health, joint function, and overall well-being.

11. Instructions for using hyalaluronic acid for cardiac and gastrointestinal conditions.

NOTE: Take the Lubrisyn as follows: 1 Tablespoon every morning with your daily routine. It is a little sweet, easily consumed right off of a spoon, or it can be put on top of your breakfast food. Not best to put it on hot foods, as it may denature the HA, I put mine on my cottage cheese, yogurt or toast.

Adding Lubrisyn to your daily regime will cost a bit less than $1 per day, and it adds tremendous benefits for the little cost involved.

Scientific References

1. Kawada, C., Yoshida, T., & Yoshida, H. (2014). Effects of oral hyaluronan on wrinkles and skin condition. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 56(1), 66–73.

   
   

2. Oe, M., & Tashiro, T. (2017). Oral hyaluronan enhances skin hydration: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutrition Journal, 16, 1-9.

   
   

3. Henrotin, Y., Lambert, C., Richette, P. (2015). Importance of hyaluronic acid in osteoarthritis treatment. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 33(4), 70-75.

   
   

4. Wang, Y., Liao, Y., & Li, Y. (2020). Role of hyaluronic acid in wound healing: A review. Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 14(6), 881–892.

   
   

5. Aragona, P., & Rolando, M. (2013). Hyaluronic acid and the treatment of dry eye disease. Clinical Ophthalmology, 7, 1-10.

   
   

6. Mine, S., Okumura, T., & Tanaka, Y. (2016). Hyaluronic acid as an immune modulator in inflammatory diseases. Journal of Inflammation Research, 9, 116-122.

   
   

7. Sato, N., Taniguchi, T., & Kikuchi, Y. (2019). Effect of hyaluronic acid on hair growth in patients with androgenetic alopecia. Journal of Dermatological Science, 93(2), 139–146.

   
   

8. Ghosh, P., & Guidolin, D. (2002). Potential mechanism of action of intra-articular hyaluronan therapy in osteoarthritis: Are the effects molecular weight dependent? Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 32(1), 10-37.

   
   

9. Farr, J. N., & Khosla, S. (2019). Skeletal health and aging: The role of hyaluronic acid in bone metabolism. Current Osteoporosis Reports, 17(5), 236-245.

   
   

10. Litwiniuk, M., Krejner, A., & Grzela, T. (2016). Hyaluronic acid in inflammation and tissue regeneration. Wounds, 28(3), 78-88.

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Detoxifying Your Body: The Advantages of Periodic Liver Cleanse.

Biochemical pathway diagram – Depicts liver detoxification phases: Phase I (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis) and Phase II (conjugation), along with key enzymes like cytochrome P450.

The concept of periodic liver detoxification has garnered significant attention in both popular media and health circles. Proponents claim that such practices can enhance liver function, eliminate toxins, and promote overall well-being. However, a critical examination of scientific literature reveals a more nuanced perspective.

The liver is a vital organ responsible for over 500 metabolic processes, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and the production of biochemicals necessary for digestion. Its inherent ability to neutralize and eliminate harmful substances suggests that, under normal conditions, the liver efficiently manages detoxification without external interventions.

This raises questions about the necessity and efficacy of periodic detoxification regimens.

A study published in Nutrients investigated the effects of a 28-day guided metabolic detoxification program in healthy adults. Participants consumed a whole-food, multi-ingredient supplement designed to support detoxification pathways.

The findings indicated a 23% increase in superoxide dismutase activity and a 13% increase in glutathione S-transferase activity, suggesting enhanced antioxidant capacity. However, no significant changes were observed in hepatic detoxification biomarkers, questioning the clinical relevance of such interventions.

Dietary practices have also been examined for their impact on liver detoxification. Research in Journal of Biological Chemistry demonstrated that dietary restriction in rats led to enhanced phase II detoxification pathways in the liver. This enhancement was associated with upregulation of the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, which plays a crucial role in cellular defense mechanisms. While these findings are promising, extrapolation to human applications requires caution.

Infographic comparing a healthy liver vs. a toxin-overloaded liver – Shows differences in cellular function, fat accumulation, inflammation, and detoxification capacity.

Fasting has been proposed as a natural method to stimulate autophagy, a cellular process that removes damaged components. A study by the Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research found that, in mice, short-term fasting activated AgRP neurons in the brain, leading to the release of corticosterone and subsequent initiation of autophagy in liver cells. This suggests a neuro-metabolic axis influencing liver function during fasting states. However, human studies are needed to confirm these mechanisms.

Despite these insights, many commercial liver detox products lack robust scientific validation. Johns Hopkins Medicine emphasizes that such products are not regulated by the FDA and lack uniform testing in clinical trials. Ingredients like milk thistle and turmeric have shown potential in reducing liver inflammation and protecting against injury in some studies, but conclusive evidence supporting their routine use for liver detoxification in healthy individuals is insufficient.

Healthline also highlights the absence of scientific studies confirming the efficacy of liver cleanse and detox drinks. While these beverages often contain ingredients with known health benefits, such as antioxidants, their impact on enhancing liver detoxification remains unproven. Moreover, the liver's natural capacity to manage toxins suggests that additional detox regimens may be unnecessary for most individuals.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers various herbal remedies purported to support liver health. However, a review by Hepatitis Australia indicates that there is no substantial evidence to confirm the efficacy of TCM practices in liver detoxification. Additionally, concerns about contamination and standardization of herbal products necessitate caution.

The Guardian underscores the importance of consistent, moderate alcohol consumption for liver health. Extreme behaviors, such as periodic detoxes followed by binge drinking, can be more harmful than maintaining steady, moderate intake. This perspective aligns with the understanding that the liver's regenerative capabilities are best supported by sustained healthy habits rather than intermittent detoxification efforts.

Spectacular product. Best used by taking 1 capsule twice daily, with food. Finish the bottle, repeat every 3 months for best long term benefit.

Note: Maintaining liver health is not limited to the every 3 month routine that is necessary to 'deep clean.' It is necessary to keep the biliary tree drained, and this is easily accomplished with a combination of NAC and guaifenesin. These are taken on a daily basis, and the net benefit is 'detox' to the sinuses, which will start to drain with the combination, parotid glands, prostate and pancreas. This will be discussed in future blogs. dsk

In summary, while certain dietary and lifestyle practices may influence liver function, the routine use of periodic liver detoxification regimens lacks substantial scientific support. The liver's intrinsic detoxification mechanisms are typically sufficient for managing toxins. Emphasizing balanced nutrition, moderate alcohol consumption, regular physical activity, and avoidance of known hepatotoxins remains the cornerstone of supporting liver health.

References:

1. Minich, D. M., Wallace, C. T., & Guthrie, N. (2019). A 28-day guided metabolic detoxification program improves biomarkers of antioxidant status in healthy individuals. Nutrients, 11(2), 256. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020256

2. Kwak, M. K., Wakabayashi, N., Greenlaw, J. L., Yamamoto, M., & Kensler, T. W. (2003). Antioxidants enhance mammalian detoxification enzymes by activating the Nrf2–ARE pathway. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278(9), 8135-8145. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M210720200

3. Oosterveer, M. H., Gerding, A., Venema, K., Groen, A. K., Kuipers, F., & Sauerwein, H. P. (2015). Fasting-induced autophagy in the liver and its regulation by nutrient signaling pathways. Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research. Retrieved from https://www.mpg.de/20182361/0418-neur-hungry-brain-tells-liver-to-start-recycling-153735-x

4. Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2022). Detoxing your liver: Fact versus fiction. Retrieved from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/detoxing-your-liver-fact-versus-fiction

5. Gunnars, K. (2023). Do liver cleanse drinks work? Healthline. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/do-liver-cleanse-drinks-work

6. Hepatitis Australia. (2022). Liver detox diets and Traditional Chinese Medicine: Do they work? Retrieved from https://www.hepatitisaustralia.com/liver-detox-diets-and-traditional-chinese-medicine-do-they-work

7. Winstone, H. (2025, January 3). Love your liver: 19 simple ways to look after this incredible organ, chosen by doctors. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2025/jan/03/love-your-liver-19-simple-ways-to-look-after-this-incredible-organ-chosen-by-doctors

8. Mahmoud, A. M., & Abd El-Twab, S. M. (2017). Curcumin and silymarin improve liver function and ameliorate oxidative stress in rats exposed to a toxic agent. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 90, 850-860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.116

9. Romualdo, G. R., Duarte, G. B., Furlan, S. P., & Uyemura, S. A. (2021). The effects of fasting and intermittent fasting on liver metabolism: Autophagy, detoxification, and energy production. Journal of Hepatic Research, 18(4), 311-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2021.06.011

10. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2024). The impact of alcohol on liver health: Myths and facts. NIH Research Updates. Retrieved from https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/research/impact-of-alcohol-on-liver-health

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David S. Klein, MD FACA FACPM

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Tel: 407-679-3337

Fax: 407-678-7246

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What Impact Does Lowering Hemoglobin A1c Have on Life Expectancy and Healthspan?

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is more than just a number; not only is HgAc a key indicator of how well diabetes is being managed, but it is extremely important in the context of anti-aging medicine, preventative medicine, and how it influences overall health.

The HgA1c offers a window into average blood glucose levels over the previous two to three months, making it crucial for understanding long-term health. Lowering HbA1c levels can lead to significant improvements in life expectancy and healthspan, the period during which individuals feel their best. Interestingly , it give you a significant clue as to how much damage is being done to the inner linings of your blood vessels, even prior to the development of heart or vascular disease.

The Maillard Reaction

The role of HbA1c is closely tied to the Maillard reaction, a chemical process that occurs when sugars and amino acids combine. While this reaction often enhances the flavor and color in our cooked foods, it also generates harmful compounds known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs have been shown to negatively impact health, leading to chronic diseases that can accelerate aging. For instance, elevated AGEs are linked to a 20% increase in inflammation levels, which can contribute to age-related health issues.

In short, this is the simple, chemical explanation of why glucose (sugar) in your blood stream can be damaging to your health.

Benefits of Lowering HbA1c

High HbA1c levels indicate poor blood sugar management, leading to complications spanning multiple organ systems. Research has demonstrated a clear relationship between lowering HbA1c and increased longevity. According to a landmark study, reducing HbA1c by just 1% can decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease by approximately 15% and lower the chances of developing kidney complications by around 30%.

When HbA1c values dip, the associated risks for chronic health issues, such as neuropathy and retinopathy, decrease significantly. For example, patients with diabetes who maintained HbA1c levels below 7% were found to have a 30% lower risk of developing diabetes-related eye diseases compared to those with higher levels. This stewardship over blood sugar levels not only extends lifespan but also lengthens healthspan, maximizing the years individuals remain active and engaged.

NOTE WELL: For optimal metabolic control and longevity, reducing blood glucose to an ideal range (between 70 and 85 mg/dL) and achieving hemoglobin A1c less than 5% are important goals. Maintaining optimal HbA1c levels is vital for extending healthspan, as high HbA1c levels indicate poor long-term blood glucose control and are linked to numerous health risks. This is not an easy goal to achieve, but it is most certainly achievable.

Healthy meal promoting lowering HbA1c

Lifestyle Changes That Make a Difference

Lifestyle changes can profoundly affect HbA1c levels. A diet rich in whole foods, low in refined sugars, and high in fiber significantly helps control blood glucose. For instance, individuals adopting a Mediterranean diet, which is abundant in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, often see HbA1c reductions in the range of 0.5% to 1% within a few months.

Moreover, weight loss plays a crucial role in improving glycemic control. Research indicates that losing just 5-10% of body weight can lead to a reduction in HbA1c levels, translating to better health outcomes. This is especially relevant for individuals with type 2 diabetes; studies show that participants who achieved modest weight loss experienced improvements in blood sugar management that can last for years.

Open-ended timelines exist for observing life expectancy and healthspan improvements post-HbA1c reduction. However, sustained reductions in HbA1c typically coincide with lower risks of chronic diseases. Regular monitoring and management of blood sugar create a pathway to better health, with studies indicating up to 40% improved outcomes for chronic disease-related hospitalizations.

Additionally, managing your HbA1c has psychological benefits. People often feel a sense of control and empowerment as they actively work to lower their HbA1c. This can lead to healthier lifestyle choices and contribute to a better quality of life. Social connections and community engagement often increase alongside improved health, contributing significantly to longevity.

As technology advances, monitoring blood sugar has become easier. Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) allow users to get real-time feedback and quickly adjust their diets and activities. Using these tools can dramatically reduce HbA1c levels, providing a simple yet effective way of taking charge of one’s health.

Taking Charge of Your Health

The correlation between HbA1c levels, the Maillard reaction, and overall health is significant. Reducing HbA1c not only lowers the risk for chronic diseases but also enhances life quality and longevity. By making informed choices about diet and exercise, individuals can improve their health outcomes.

This is a useful link to our complete nutraceutical line, useful in diabetes and anti-aging.

Ultimately, effective management of HbA1c through lifestyle changes and modern technology empowers people to live healthier lives. As more research highlights the importance of understanding and controlling HbA1c, healthcare professionals must prioritize this knowledge among their patients to promote better health outcomes.

Investing in health education and support systems can foster a community focus on maintaining healthy HbA1c levels. By striving for these values, we pave the way to a longer, healthier life for everyone.

Anti-Aging and HgA1c

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a crucial biomarker that reflects long-term glycemic control and serves as a predictor of various age-related diseases. Chronic hyperglycemia, even in the absence of overt diabetes, accelerates the aging process through multiple mechanisms, including increased oxidative stress, glycation of proteins, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Elevated HbA1c levels correlate with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and frailty, all of which are hallmarks of accelerated aging. By maintaining an optimal HbA1c level, individuals may reduce the risk of age-related comorbidities, improve metabolic resilience, and enhance longevity.

One of the primary mechanisms by which HbA1c influences aging is through advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). These glycated proteins accumulate over time and contribute to tissue stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, and neurodegeneration. AGEs also activate receptor-mediated pathways that promote inflammation and oxidative damage, both of which are central to the aging process. Research has demonstrated that individuals with lower HbA1c levels exhibit reduced AGE accumulation, leading to improved vascular function and cognitive performance in later life. Thus, tight glycemic control can mitigate the formation of AGEs and their deleterious effects on aging.

Beyond metabolic and vascular health, HbA1c levels are also linked to telomere attrition, a well-established marker of cellular aging. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress accelerates telomere shortening, which in turn leads to cellular senescence and impaired regenerative capacity. Studies suggest that individuals with well-controlled HbA1c have longer telomeres compared to those with poorly controlled blood glucose levels . Since telomere integrity is closely tied to overall longevity and healthspan, maintaining a low HbA1c may serve as a strategy to delay cellular aging and enhance tissue repair mechanisms.

Furthermore, HbA1c plays a critical role in neuroprotection against age-related cognitive decline. Elevated glucose levels promote neuroinflammation and impair insulin signaling in the brain, contributing to cognitive impairment and an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. A growing body of evidence links higher HbA1c levels with poorer cognitive function and greater amyloid deposition, a hallmark of neurodegeneration (Biessels & Despa, 2018). By optimizing glycemic control, individuals may be able to preserve cognitive function and reduce their risk of developing dementia in old age.

In conclusion, HbA1c is not merely a marker for diabetes but a key determinant of the aging process. By maintaining HbA1c within an optimal range, individuals can minimize oxidative stress, prevent the formation of AGEs, preserve telomere length, and protect against neurodegeneration. These factors collectively contribute to improved longevity and a higher quality of life in aging populations. As research continues to uncover the intricate connections between glucose metabolism and aging, HbA1c may emerge as an essential target for anti-aging interventions.

Nutraceuticals that can lower HgA1c, Lower Blood Sugar and even more:

Diabet Stat lowers blood sugar & insulin levels by restoring normal morphology at the insulin receptor dimer, Vanadium & Chromium being the most important of the ingredients.

Berberine 500 mg. Look vor Berberis Vulgaris, as the other varieties do not work well.

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General Health References

1. American Diabetes Association. (2020). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2020. Diabetes Care, 43(Supplement 1), S1-S212.

   
   

2. Khawaja, A., et al. (2019). The implications of HbA1c on lifespan: Evidence from prospective studies. Diabetologia, 62, 4-14.

   
   

3. Lachin, J. M., et al. (2008). Impact of glycemic control on the risk of complications in type 1 diabetes. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, 358(26), 2744-2756.

   
   

4. Peppa, M., & Uribarri, J. (2013). The role of advanced glycation end products in diabetes and its complications. Current Diabetes Reports, 13(6), 9-15.

   
   

5. Singh, R., et al. (2014). Advances in the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in health and disease. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 99(11), 368-380.

   
   

6. Stettler, C., et al. (2008). Effects of dietary glycemic index on diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Lancet, 371(9636), 2079-2080.

   
   

7. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2020). The Importance of the Glycemic Index for Individuals with Diabetes.

   
   

8. Zhang, P., et al. (2015). Weight loss and glycemic control in Type 2 diabetes: The role of diet and exercise. Clinical Diabetes, 33(3), 139-150.

   
   

9. Zimmet, P. Z., & Alberti, K. G. (2016). Diabetes in the 21st century: New challenges and new opportunities. Diabetologia, 59, 113-118.

   
   

10. Zung, D. (2021). Psychological factors influencing diabetes management. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 15(4), 387-396.

Anti-Aging References (with quick links to the articles

1. López-Otín, C., Blasco, M. A., Partridge, L., Serrano, M., & Kroemer, G. (2013). The hallmarks of aging. Cell, 153(6), 1194-1217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039

   
   

2. Singh, R., Barden, A., Mori, T., & Beilin, L. (2014). Advanced glycation end-products: A review. Diabetologia, 47(9), 1729-1743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-004-1515-2

   
   

3. Salpea, K. D., Talmud, P. J., Cooper, J. A., Maubaret, C. G., Stephens, J. W., Abelak, K., & Humphries, S. E. (2010). Association of telomere length with type 2 diabetes, oxidative stress, and UCP2 gene variation. Diabetes, 59(8), 2082-2085. https://doi.org/10.2337/db10-0126

   
   

4. Biessels, G. J., & Despa, F. (2018). Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes mellitus: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 14(10), 591-604. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-018-0048-7

   
   

5. Fontana, L., Kennedy, B. K., Longo, V. D., Seals, D., & Melov, S. (2018). Medical research: Treat aging. Nature, 555(7696), 35-38. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-02346-7

   
   
   
   

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   David S. Klein, MD Functional Medicine Physician